What personal data we collect and why we collect it
Comments
When visitors leave comments on the site we collect the data shown in the comments form, and also the visitor’s IP address and browser user agent string to help spam detection.
An anonymized string created from your email address (also called a hash) may be provided to the Gravatar service to see if you are using it. The Gravatar service privacy policy is available here: https://automattic.com/privacy/. After approval of your comment, your profile picture is visible to the public in the context of your comment.
Media
If you upload images to the website, you should avoid uploading images with embedded location data (EXIF GPS) included. Visitors to the website can download and extract any location data from images on the website.
Contact forms
Cookies
If you leave a comment on our site you may opt-in to saving your name, email address and website in cookies. These are for your convenience so that you do not have to fill in your details again when you leave another comment. These cookies will last for one year.
If you visit our login page, we will set a temporary cookie to determine if your browser accepts cookies. This cookie contains no personal data and is discarded when you close your browser.
When you log in, we will also set up several cookies to save your login information and your screen display choices. Login cookies last for two days, and screen options cookies last for a year. If you select “Remember Me”, your login will persist for two weeks. If you log out of your account, the login cookies will be removed.
If you edit or publish an article, an additional cookie will be saved in your browser. This cookie includes no personal data and simply indicates the post ID of the article you just edited. It expires after 1 day.
Embedded content from other websites
Articles on this site may include embedded content (e.g. videos, images, articles, etc.). Embedded content from other websites behaves in the exact same way as if the visitor has visited the other website.
These websites may collect data about you, use cookies, embed additional third-party tracking, and monitor your interaction with that embedded content, including tracking your interaction with the embedded content if you have an account and are logged in to that website.
Analytics
Who we share your data with
How long we retain your data
If you leave a comment, the comment and its metadata are retained indefinitely. This is so we can recognize and approve any follow-up comments automatically instead of holding them in a moderation queue.
For users that register on our website (if any), we also store the personal information they provide in their user profile. All users can see, edit, or delete their personal information at any time (except they cannot change their username). Website administrators can also see and edit that information.
What rights you have over your data
If you have an account on this site, or have left comments, you can request to receive an exported file of the personal data we hold about you, including any data you have provided to us. You can also request that we erase any personal data we hold about you. This does not include any data we are obliged to keep for administrative, legal, or security purposes.
Where we send your data
Visitor comments may be checked through an automated spam detection service.
Your contact information
Additional information
How we protect your data
What data breach procedures we have in place
What third parties we receive data from
What automated decision making and/or profiling we do with user data
這是目前大多數AI的發展階段,是一種在特定領域內執行單一或有限任務的人工智慧,但仍缺乏跨領域的推理能力,且必須依賴事先設計的演算法。例如Siri或Alexa,它們可以根據使用者的語音命令來完成查詢和提醒行程等任務,但它們無法自行推斷或是理解使用者更深層的實際需求。或是像Google Translate雖然能夠將語音轉換為文字,或是翻譯成其他語言,但它其實並無法真正理解語言的含義或是隱喻。另外像Google 的 DeepMind Health可以協助醫療診斷,來進行醫學影像的異常分析,如骨折和腫瘤追蹤等,然而在病患整體病情的判斷上,目前只能擔任醫師的decision supportive system (決策支援系統)。
Artificial General Intelligence(AGI) 人工通用智慧
是一種目前的 AI 還未能完全實現的境界,而有別於人工狹義智慧,人工通用智慧不僅僅是解決語音識別或是圖像分類等特定性的問題,而是具備了像人類一樣的全方位學習能力,和邏輯分析以及推理能力。目前AI能力接近 AGI 的ChatGPT-4,雖然仍是人工狹義智慧,所但它在代碼撰寫、文字創作等方面,已經表現出有接近人工通用智慧的能力。
人工通用智慧在醫療領域的應用潛力巨大,有別於前述在人工狹義智慧的醫療診斷,其主要的應用是在醫療影像上的異常分析,而人工通用智慧夠進一步分析多元化的醫療數據,例如基因、病歷、病史、影像、保險資料、及生活習慣等,將可以提供整體性的治療建議,設計高度個人化的治療計劃。在國家或跨國的衛生健康等級上,能夠通過整合更為廣泛的公共衛生資訊,快速準確的預測疫情蔓延,即時追蹤病毒變異,並協助優化疫苗的設計。由於人工通用智慧擁有執行多領域複雜條件的能力,將可以進行in silicon clinical trials (數位模擬臨床試驗),有別於傳統的實驗室試驗(in vitro trials )或動物與人體試驗(in vivo trails),而在不直接人體上進行臨床試驗的情形下,利用數位技術和模型來模擬藥物在人體內的作用及效果,包括藥物代謝途徑和毒性測試,加速藥物和醫療器械的研發。